Frozen shoulder, medically known as adhesive capsulitis, is a condition characterized by stiffness, pain, and limited movement in the shoulder joint. It can affect daily activities such as dressing, reaching for objects, or driving. Though the condition often develops gradually, timely recognition and treatment are crucial to prevent long-term disability and restore normal shoulder function.

What Is Frozen Shoulder?

Frozen shoulder occurs when the connective tissue surrounding the shoulder joint becomes inflamed and thickened, restricting movement. The condition typically progresses through three stages:

1. Freezing Stage: Gradual onset of pain and stiffness, often worsening at night.
2. Frozen Stage: Shoulder becomes stiffer, and pain may reduce, but limited mobility persists.
3. Thawing Stage: Gradual recovery of movement over several months, though some patients may take up to a year or more.

Frozen shoulder can affect one or both shoulders and is more common in women aged 40–60 and individuals with diabetes or thyroid disorders.

Causes and Risk Factors

The exact cause of frozen shoulder is not fully understood, but it is often linked to shoulder immobilization following injury, surgery, or prolonged inactivity. Other risk factors include:

• Age (40–60 years) and female gender.
• Diabetes mellitus increases the risk and severity.
• Thyroid disorders or hormonal imbalances.
• Previous shoulder injury or surgery.
• Certain autoimmune conditions affect connective tissue.

Symptoms to Watch For

Early recognition is key to managing frozen shoulder effectively. Common symptoms include:

• Gradual onset of shoulder pain, worsening at night.
• Stiffness and reduced range of motion in all directions.
• Difficulty performing everyday tasks such as reaching overhead or behind the back.
• Shoulder discomfort that persists for weeks to months.

Ignoring these symptoms can prolong recovery and lead to chronic limitation in movement.

Diagnosis

Frozen shoulder is diagnosed through a combination of:

• Medical history and symptom assessment: Identifying onset, duration, and progression of stiffness.
• Physical examination: Measuring range of motion and detecting limitations.
• Imaging tests: X-rays or MRI to rule out other conditions like arthritis, rotator cuff tears, or fractures.

Accurate diagnosis ensures the correct treatment plan and prevents unnecessary procedures.

Treatment Options

The management of frozen shoulder typically involves a combination of conservative and, in some cases, surgical approaches:

1. Physical Therapy: Targeted exercises improve flexibility and strengthen shoulder muscles. Regular stretching is critical during all stages.
2. Medications: Pain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs help reduce discomfort, especially during the freezing stage.
3. Corticosteroid Injections: Reduce inflammation and provide temporary pain relief, making therapy exercises more effective.
4. Surgical Interventions: In rare cases where conservative treatment fails, procedures like manipulation under anesthesia or arthroscopic capsular release may be recommended.

Consistency and adherence to treatment plans are key to regaining full shoulder mobility.

Prevention and Self-Care

While not all cases of frozen shoulder can be prevented, certain measures can reduce risk:

• Maintain regular shoulder exercises to keep the joint flexible.
• Avoid prolonged immobilization after injuries or surgeries.
• Manage underlying conditions such as diabetes and thyroid disorders effectively.
• Gradually increase activity levels to prevent sudden strain on the shoulder joint.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. How long does frozen shoulder last?

Frozen shoulder can last anywhere from 6 months to 2 years, depending on the severity and adherence to treatment.

2. Can frozen shoulder recur?

Yes, recurrence is possible, though with proper care and exercise, the risk can be minimized.

3. Is surgery always required for frozen shoulder?

No. Most cases respond well to physical therapy, medications, and injections. Surgery is considered only when conservative treatments fail.

4. Can diabetes make frozen shoulder worse?

Yes, diabetic patients are more prone to developing frozen shoulder and may experience slower recovery.

5. What exercises help with frozen shoulder?

Stretching exercises like pendulum swings, cross-body arm stretches, and wall climbs, under professional guidance, are effective in improving mobility.

Take Action for Your Shoulder Health

Frozen shoulder can significantly impact your quality of life, but early recognition and proper management can restore mobility and reduce pain. Dr. Vivek Gupta, a specialist in orthopedic care, provides comprehensive treatment for frozen shoulder, combining personalized therapy plans, advanced pain management, and, when necessary, minimally invasive surgical options. With expert guidance, you can regain shoulder strength and flexibility safely. Don’t let stiffness hold you back—schedule a consultation with Dr. Vivek Gupta today and take the first step toward pain-free, fully functional shoulders.